ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS OF ISPA WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF ISPA IN TODDLERS AT SIMALINGKAR COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER, MEDAN TUNGUNGAN DISTRICT IN 2024

Abstract

Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) is one of the causes of death in children in developing countries. ARI causes 4 out of 15 million deaths in children under 5 years of age each year. In general, there are 3 (three) risk factors for ARI, namely environmental factors consisting of indoor air pollution, home ventilation, housing density, individual child factors consisting of child age, birth weight, nutritional status, and immunization status, and behavioral factors, namely ARI management practices in the family. The purpose of this study was to analyze risk factors for ARI with the occurrence of ARI in toddlers at the Simalingkar Health Center, Medan Tuntungan District in 2024. This study was descriptive correlative with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all toddlers diagnosed with ARI totaling 248 and a sample of 72 toddlers was taken by accidental sampling. Data collection was carried out by observation and providing questionnaires directly. Data were analyzed using the chi square test with a significant value of p <0.05. The results show that the risk factors for ARI that are often experienced by toddlers are behavioral factors with a p value smaller than other factors, namely 0.000 and a value of x² = 19.502. Therefore, it is expected that toddler families increase their knowledge by listening to counseling and maintaining the cleanliness of the family environment, as well as providing balanced nutrition to toddlers. Health center officers provide counseling on behavior to prevent ARI, foster relationships with the sub-district to invite the community to clean the environment so as to reduce the risk factors for ARI in the environment.